NASA Blog

Light Curves, Spectra, and Images
1.Light spectrums give us information about an object's composition, mass, and motion.Light curve analyze short-term or long-term changes in the brightness of a source so we can make an image of the source.
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3.http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/try_l1/lightcurves.html

Black Holes
1.Black holes are objects so dense that not even light can escape their gravity, and since nothing can travel faster than light, nothing can escape from inside a black hole.On the other hand, a black hole exerts the same force on something far away from it as any other object of the same mass would.
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3.https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/imagineWiki/ResourcesAg#BH

Dark Matter
1.Dark matter is the blackness we see in space. It is made up of W.I.M.P.s (Weakly Interactive Massive Particles). They absorb a lot of light so that we can't actually see the matter.
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3.http://cdms.berkeley.edu/Education/DMpages/index.shtml
X-ray telescopes
1.X-ray telescopes can measure energy coming from stars and high-energy emitting objects in space.
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3.http://constellation.gsfc.nasa.gov/